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- Path: passport.ca!news
- From: vasant@passport.ca (Bill Antic)
- Newsgroups: comp.dcom.modems
- Subject: Re: ? Max speed for voice line
- Date: Fri, 02 Feb 1996 04:41:10 GMT
- Organization: Passport
- Message-ID: <4erqau$6hb@forged.passport.ca>
- References: <1996Jan31.112321@miavx1>
- NNTP-Posting-Host: dial048.passport.ca
- X-Newsreader: Forte Free Agent 1.0.82
-
- odchetveriko@miavx1.acs.muohio.edu (Oleg Chetverikov) wrote:
-
- >I have a question.
- >I am taking a networking class and my prof said that the highest speed
- >that can be achieved over the voice grade line (telephone line) is
- >25,900 bps. I suppose he was talking about physical transmission, without
- >taking compession into consideration. My question is whether it is correct. And
- >if it is, does it mean that 28.8 modems do not operate at full capacity?
- >And I also see people in this newsgroup talking about 33.6 bps modems.
- >I will really appreciate if someone can clarify the situation for me. If you
- >think that the posting will be unnecessary, e-mail the answer to me. By the
- >way, is there a FAQ for this newsgroup?
- > Thank you.
- > Oleg.
- > odchetve@miavx1.muohio.edu
-
- I am sure that you are aware that the bandwidth of a voice grade line
- if approx. 3300 Hz, which in turn results in a severe restriction in
- the signaling speed, (refer to Shannon's theorem). Signaling speed,
- therefore, is limited to a maximum of approx. 2400 baud (signal
- transitions per second) due to the bandwidth of the voice grade lines.
-
-
- The data transfer rate, on the other hand, depends on the type of
- modulation used, and that is why we must differentiate between the
- terms "baud" and "bits/sec". For example, if we employ a quad-bit
- modulation, also known as quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK), each
- LINE transition would represent four bits of DATA, hence a 2400 baud
- line would have a data transmission rate of 9600 bps. This appears to
- be the practical limit of data transfer WITHOUT DATA COMPRESSION.
-
- The extent to which data can be compressed depends on the type of
- data, but generally accepted ratio is 4:1, more or less. If we take
- the above example of 9600 bps and multiply it by the compression ratio
- of 4, we get the maximum DATA transfer rate of 38,400 bps. This
- therefore means that the DATA transfer rate over a voice grade line
- could be as high as 38,400 bps while the signaling speed at the same
- time is only 2400 baud. Of course you must realize that this is a
- theoretical limit. In practice we have to take into account the line
- noise, type of data which will affect compression ratio, and some
- other factors, resulting in a typical rating values of 28.8k or 33.6k
- for modems. You must keep in mind, however, that although a modem may
- be rated at, say 28,800 bps, the actual transmission rate is usually
- less, often 24,600 or even 20,000 bps. It depends on the condition
- of the line, type of data, etc., etc.
-
- So your prof appears to be correct!
-
- I hope this will help.
-
- Regards,
-
- Bill
-
-
-